草原退化过程中植物群落的结构异质性分析——以家庭牧场为例

以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原某家庭牧场作为研究尺度,以卧羊圈为中心沿辐射状将该家庭牧场划分为重牧区、中牧区、轻牧区和无牧区(围栏内),同时与村落自由放牧区(即过牧区)进行比较,开展植物群落结构空间异质性研究。结果表明:该家庭牧场植物群落种类较为丰富,多年生草本植物居多,一年生草本植物随放牧强度的减弱,比例也随之增加;轻牧条件下群落地上生物量最高,适度的放牧干扰有助于植物干物质的积累;轻牧区禾本科植物的重要值较大,说明轻度放牧干扰有利于群落发生恢复演替;重牧区和轻牧区Simpson集中性概率指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数高于过牧区,重牧区和轻牧区植物群落由于竞争达成了较稳定状态,群落较为集中,空间异质性高。     

基于养生理念的小区生态园林植物群落配置设计——以池州和泰星城小区为例

首先论述了小区生态园林植物配置的原则,提出养生保健理念配置具体手法,具体调查了池州市和泰星城小区绿化树种的选择以及群落配置,进行了系统分析评价,借以探讨池州养生宜居小区的建设。     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

Development and Application of Maintenance Template in Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant

Good practices of maintenance optimization in nuclear power field need to be effectively consolidated and inherited,and maintenance optimization can provide technology support to create a long-term reliable and economic operation for nuclear power plants( NPPs) especially for a large number of nuclear powers under construction. Based on the development and application of maintenance template in developed countries,and combining with reliability-centered maintenance( RCM) analysis results and maintenance experience data over the past ten years in domestic NPPs, the development process of maintenance template was presented for Chinese pressurized water reactor( PWR) NPP,and the application of maintenance template to maintenance program development and maintenance optimization combined with cases were demonstrated. A shortcut was provided for improving the efficiency of maintenance optimization in domestic PWR NPP,and help to realize a safe,reliable,and economic operation for domestic NPPs.     

东寨港红树林丛枝菌根真菌侵染和孢子密度及其影响因子研究

丛枝菌根(AM)结构存在于多种红树植物根内,但目前对于红树林中AM真菌的研究还未能完全揭示其存在的原因和状况。研究通过对海南东寨港红树林中不同潮位16种红树植物根内AM侵染情况、AM真菌孢子密度以及土壤理化因子开展调查,以了解东寨港红树林中AM真菌的存在状况及其影响因素。结果表明12种红树植物与AM真菌存在共生关系,其中海漆(Excoecaria agallocha)、许树(Clerodendrum inerme)、水黄皮(Pongamia pinnata)和黄槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)侵染率较高,均高于55%;16种植物根际土壤中均检测到AM真菌孢子,每25 g土壤的平均孢子密度为(25.7±2.7)个。方差分析表明,不同宿主植物根内AM侵染情况差异显著;潮位对AM侵染率和孢子密度均具有显著影响,表现为高潮位显著高于中、低潮位,而中低潮位间无显著差异。线性回归分析表明土壤含水率、电导率和有效磷含量可能是影响东寨港红树林生境中AM侵染率和孢子密度的主要土壤因子。     

2015年上海(国际)花展中上海师大特色种质资源的配置造景

结合2015上海(国际)花展"精致园艺·美丽家园"的主题,从主题创意、景观布局、季相表现、色彩配置、人才培养、植物种类、造景技术、养护管理等方面分析了上海师范大学特色种质资源在上海(国际)花展——上海师大景点布展中的组配以及可以改进之处,并对优秀种质资源的运用、科研成果的进一步转化提出了建议.此次特色种质资源运用于花展的实践提示:需有针对性地研究开发具有社会需求的植物品种,进而推动园艺行业的发展.     

星斗山观赏植物交让木种群特征研究

对星斗山国家级自然保护区常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落中的观赏植物交让木种群特征进行了研究,结果表明:交让木种群年龄结构呈正金字塔型,是典型的增长型种群;其种群个体主要分布在群落9 m以下的垂直空间范围;在海拔梯度上,由于群落发育程度和生境条件的差异,在1 400~1 500 m梯度范围内,种群个体分布数量最多;其种群个体分布格局为集群分布模式;生命表分析显示,交让木种群DBH1径级幼苗位于群落最下层空间,与其它种群个体幼苗竞争资源和空间的优势不明显,生存能力较弱,期望寿命不高,该种群存活曲线为"Ⅱ型"存活曲线,其存活率在各生活史阶段大致相当.     

城市污水处理厂典型气体污染物产生特性研究

研究了某城市污水处理厂格栅间、曝气池、污泥浓缩池和污泥脱水间四个不同功能区产生的典型恶臭和微生物气溶胶气体污染物浓度及分布特性。研究结果表明,不同功能区产生的硫化氢和氨浓度存在显著性差异,其中产生浓度最高的区域是污泥浓缩池和污泥脱水间,其次是曝气池上空,最低的是格栅间。不同功能区产生的空气异养细菌和真菌浓度也存在差异,尤以曝气池产生的异养细菌和真菌浓度最高,其次是污泥脱水间和格栅间,浓度最低的区域为污泥浓缩池。依据相关恶臭和空气微生物评价标准,该污水厂不同功能区产生的恶臭物质、异养细菌和真菌微生物气溶胶气体污染物大都存在不同程度的污染。同时,不同功能区产生的可吸入人体上呼吸道和进入肺部的异养细菌和真菌粒子均占一定比例,存在一定的微生物风险。     

枫香根际解有机磷细菌筛选及其促生效应

从枫香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）根际土壤中分离和鉴定有效解磷菌（PSB），并研究其在溶磷方面的应用。